Can mankind survive the onslaught of the robots?
By: Rachel Marsden
PARIS -- It's often by listening for the vibrations in the muck that one can
pick up on the big moral conflicts looming ahead. And this one's a doozy,
involving nothing less than the next industrial revolution.
Speaking at the World Government Summit in Dubai last month, SpaceX and Tesla
CEO Elon Musk suggested that humans and machines are likely to merge in the
future.
"Over time I think we will probably see a closer merger of biological
intelligence and digital intelligence," Musk said.
He noted that such a merger between man and machine would enable humans to
maintain control over artificial intelligence.
"Some high-bandwidth interface to the brain will be something that helps achieve
a symbiosis between human and machine intelligence and maybe solves the control
problem and the usefulness problem," Musk said.
Musk cited the example of driverless cars, which threaten the livelihoods of
taxi drivers. The notion that we may soon be chauffeured around by robot cars
doesn't seem so far-fetched when you consider that Uber has already disrupted a
taxi industry that has downloaded onto consumers the costs of a
government-imposed monopoly, unionization and high employer taxes.
Much has been made of the "sharing economy" and the digital entrepreneurs who
are disrupting the status quo in various industries, but an even more
significant revolution lies ahead as technology improves and an increasing
number of workers can be replaced by robot labor.
In recent years, attack drones have often substituted for U.S. Special Forces in
military operations. While combat deaths have decreased as a result, the
increased reliance on technology has often left these warriors on the sidelines.
Robots are now performing surgeries in place of trained surgeons. And Japan has
been developing "carebots" for elderly care.
French presidential candidate Benoit Hamon of the Socialist Party has proposed a
universal basic income of 750 euros a month, partly under the guise of
protecting workers as they are increasingly displaced by robots. True to
socialist form, Hamon has also proposed a robot tax to pay for it: Revenue
generated by robots and automated systems would be taxed. Hamon has cited the
example of automated checkouts in supermarkets, which in many cases have
replaced cashiers.
Just thinking of the checkout example makes it difficult not to take the robots'
side in this showdown. Supermarkets in Paris that don't have automated checkouts
are almost always understaffed, resulting in lines so long that I've more than
once abandoned my basket to try my luck elsewhere. This is the sort of thing
that happens when the state forces employers to pay exceedingly high taxes on
employee salaries. Hiring becomes a burden that one seeks to minimize.
Hamon's plan to pay everyone a monthly salary for doing nothing raises
significant moral issues. Granted, the relationship between work value and
earnings isn't always logical. The fact that entertainers and pro athletes earn
more money than surgeons is a classic example. However, the current system is
better than the communist alternative in which there is no correlation between
effort and reward. In such a system, there's less incentive to innovate, produce
or achieve, because a basic level of comfort is guaranteed.
The two extremes captured in a snapshot: capitalist Musk's idea of merging man
and machine to achieve superhuman capacity vs. socialist Hamon's idea of letting
man spend the day watching television while machine does all the work.
Between these two extremes lies the human being who exists today, who wants to
continue to strive to fulfill human potential without either robotic
modifications or government handouts. How can modern man ensure his own
survival? It may come down to the choices made by different countries. Western
nations can't continue to insist on burdening employers with absurdly high taxes
to pay for government waste and mismanagement.
Last month, the European Parliament voted in favor of developing EU-wide rules
for artificial intelligence and robots. Nevertheless, a conservative coalition
within European Parliament rejected a proposal for a robot tax and made it clear
that it doesn't view robots as a potential threat to human labor.
"I wish to make one thing clear: robots are not humans and never will be," said
Therese Comodini of the European People's Party, the European Parliament's
largest voting bloc. "No matter how autonomous and self-learning they become
they do not attain the characteristics of a living human being."
While a purely moral stand is admirable, reforming socialist economic policies
by reducing the tax burden on businesses and workers is just as critical if
humans are to have any hope of surviving this new industrial revolution.
COPYRIGHT 2017 RACHEL MARSDEN